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A Brief History

Taking a look into the origins of
Money Laundering.

What is Money Laundering?

Definitions of the phrase
"money laundering".

How widespread is the Problem?
Estimate of the amount of
cash being laundered
annually.

The Money Laundering Process

The 3 stages of Money
Laundering - Placement -
Layering - Integration.

Stages of the Process

How Money Laundering Stages
are achieved.

Money Laundering Methods

Techniques used by money
launderers.

How Can We Prevent It?

Some measures to prevent this
crime.

Affects on Financial Institutions

How laundering affects financial
institutions, legally and
financially.

Business Areas Prone To Money Laundering

Which businesses are targetted
by the money launderer?

UK Legislation

Which legislation in the UK covers Money Laundering.

Money Laundering Offences

What the five basic offences of Money Laundering are.

International Initiatives

Some preventative measures in place on an international level.

The Future

Future methods of Laundering cash?

Conclusions

Some conclusions we have made about this area of criminality.

Recommendations

Some recommendations on what can be done to strengthen the fight against this insidious crime.

RECOMMENDATIONS TO HELP THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING

Based on the detailed research I have carried out I now make the following recommendations;

We must continue to work with - and strengthen - our international partnerships, and maintain strong ties with our counterparts in the financial centres of the world. We must urge all countries to ratify the U. N. Convention and to pass more effective money laundering and forfeiture laws. Above all, we must continue to identify the points where the money is most vulnerable and identify what we can do to separate criminals from their ill-gotten gains.

Launderers have a list popularly called a "shopping list" which they use to size up specific opportunities when searching for jurisdictions to use. Knowing what is on this list can give rise to specific measures for countries to adopt to fight money laundering. These measures are a natural progression for countries who have the political will to combat this insidious crime.

Other Recommendations;

We need:-

  1. to strengthen international co-operation on information exchange and law enforcement;
  2. proper mechanisms for handling suspicious reports;
  3. a compliance culture among financial institutions; and to ensure that they put proper systems and procedures in place;
  4. to encourage financial supervisors to apply bank licensing procedures strictly, exchange information, and train practitioners;
  5. to increase public awareness of the threat from money laundering;
  6. increasing co-ordination between the multiple agencies (national and international) involved and to improve the limited intelligence sharing;
  7. to increase the limited human resources involved in the labour intensive and time consuming work of investigating suspected violations;
  8. implementation on a world-wide basis of a consistent set of policies. (e.g. FATF 40 Recommendations);
  9. to focus on new technologies and increase countermeasures to combat their use for money laundering;
  10. to share forfeited proceeds with law enforcement agencies. (a particular police gripe);
  11. Introduce measures that make the movement of money more visible.

By implementing the recommendations above, the authorities should further strengthen the fight against the money launderer and show them that there is no place to hide.

However, there will have to be political impetus to crystallise strong co-ordinated overall international action, and to define the best way to associate other countries, including drug-producing countries, to the fight against money laundering.

 

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